{"id":44592,"date":"2017-05-12T11:24:16","date_gmt":"2017-05-12T11:24:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/just2093.temp.domains\/~tqmoaseu\/podcast-6-crossing-the-desert\/"},"modified":"2022-07-09T17:04:58","modified_gmt":"2022-07-09T17:04:58","slug":"podcast-6-crossing-the-desert","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.moas.eu\/de\/podcast-6-crossing-the-desert\/","title":{"rendered":"Podcast 6: Crossing the Desert"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.moas.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/francesco-maravolta-moas.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24354\" src=\"https:\/\/www.moas.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/francesco-maravolta-moas.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h6>Promise left her home country of Nigeria after her parents died and she felt her life was in danger. The desert crossing took three weeks, during which she had little food or water. She eventually reached Libya, where she was badly beaten. In November 2016, the MOAS crew rescued her from an overcrowded rubber dingy in the Central Mediterranean.<\/h6>\n<p><em>Welcome to the MOAS podcast where we want to include you in what we do, to explore different angles of migration, and help you to better understand the people we save. <\/em><em>Our focus of this week\u2019s podcast is on those individuals who traverse the dangerous terrain and instability of North Africa in search of a path to Europe.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"background-color: transparent; display: block; max-width: 700px;\" title=\"audioBoom player\" src=\"\/\/embeds.audioboom.com\/posts\/5904896-moas-podcast-6-crossing-the-desert\/embed\/v4?eid=AQAAAAoIE1kAGloA\" width=\"100%\" height=\"300\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em>The Sahara Desert is over nine million kilometres square and covers 11 African states. \u00a0One careless step on the journey north can mean dehydration, starvation and death.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>No one truly knows how many people have gone missing or died making this journey, yet some international organisations believe that even more people are perishing in the desert than die making the sea crossing.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Our journey takes us to Agadez, a fourteenth century trading post in West Africa and gateway to the Sahara.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>To explain more about this region is Petra Suric Jankov, Business Development Specialist for the Catholic Relief Services. She explains its connection to migration and what her organization is proposing to help migrants and communities.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>How important is Agadez in Western Africa as a point of departure?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Agadez has always been a very important transit and trade city in Northern Africa in general. It was a point of trade for the Tuaregs for a very long time and it really is sort of your last point of access before the Sahara. It has historically been a tourist hub; there were flights directly from France at a time and it\u2019s an oasis in the middle of the desert with this beautiful architecture and sun dried mud homes, and there\u2019s a very famous mosque built in the 1500s.\u00a0 So it\u2019s been a very important trade spot, but it\u2019s also that last spot in Niger before we move forward into Northern Africa and across the Mediterranean, so it\u2019s a very important spot both historically and today.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How reliant is the local economy now on this mass migration north?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I want to be a little bit careful about characterising this as mass migration north.\u00a0 There\u2019s a little bit of confusion in the media and the tendency to sensationalise and focus on the abuse of this mass migration flows but if you look at the statistics, barely nine percent of the migrants in Europe are coming from Sub-Saharan Africa and really only one point seven percent of the population of Sub-Sahelan Africa are immigrants.\u00a0 So it\u2019s not really this mass migration new thing, it\u2019s something that is getting a little bit more media attention now mostly because of the Syria crisis and the routes that have opened up through Greece and now have closed off.<\/p>\n<p>But I will say that there is mass migration which is part of a cultural phenomenon in Western Africa and that\u2019s something we can talk about a little later.\u00a0 But that is something I want to clarify, it is not necessarily a mass migration wave north.\u00a0 But in terms of what has been happening recently to the local economy, with the tourist industry having waned in Agadez with the Tuareg revolutions about ten years ago, now there\u2019s no direct flights from France anymore, there\u2019s fewer tourists that are coming and there is less of a demand internationally for Tuareg artisona. The people of Agadez have had to rely on other sources of livelihoods to continue living so the skills that they used for trade and for tourism are now being transferred to assisting migrants that are arriving at this point of transit, its the same kinds of transferrable skills they\u2019re just applying them in a different context.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is CRS proposing to do dissuade people using Agadez to migrate?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>So I think it\u2019s important to emphasize that we are not trying to stop migrants to attempt to make crossings.\u00a0 I think one of the things that is sometimes misrepresented is this notion that we want to stop migration, that we want to stop people from coming up, we want to stop them from crossing.\u00a0 What CRS and other actors are trying to do is better inform the migrants that are arriving in Agadez and give them the full and real picture of what is happening and what awaits them. For example, when I was in Agadez in February and I got to speak with some of the migrants there, they talked about not really knowing what awaited them and hearing success stories about how the desert is really very small and how the Mediterranean is just a bit of a larger river. It\u2019s really important that we address these rumours and misconceptions and provide migrants with the right information and the full information so that they can make the right decision, so that is one thing.<\/p>\n<p>The other part of it is also to not forget the host communities and to not even forget the reasons that these migrants are attempting the crossings.\u00a0 It\u2019s to provide them with alternatives, so when we are speaking about informing migrants and telling them \u2018crossing the Sahara is really dangerous and the Mediterranean is not a river, you risk drowning, its cold, it\u2019s very long, starvation, dehydration\u2019, they are going to respond \u2018that\u2019s ok, what other choice do I have\u2019.\u00a0 So what we need to do is we need to both inform and we need to provide alternatives for both migrants and the host communities who live off of supporting them and facilitating them on this journey.\u00a0 So CRS is planning to start activities, small income generating activities that are both transferable, things like hair cutting, small restoration, activities that migrants can take with them when they learn the skill and the trade and then go back to their communities and perhaps start a business.\u00a0 We are also targeting host communities and providing them with alternative sources of income so they really don\u2019t have to rely on trying to smuggle migrants across the desert.\u00a0 So that\u2019s really a two pronged approach and that\u2019s both focused on information and on alternative incomes for migrants themselves.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Will it work?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>You know that\u2019s the million dollar question isn\u2019t it.\u00a0 We\u2019re not going to be solving anything in the long term with just providing migrants with some skills about gaining some extra income at this point.\u00a0 What\u2019s going to happen, we\u2019re going to need to do more of a coordinated international approach.\u00a0 We need to not just focus on places like Agadez that are points of transit, we\u2019re going to have to work on countries of origin.\u00a0 We need to address the real routes of this problem and the problem is that most of these migrants are young, they\u2019re under 30, they\u2019re male.\u00a0 They say that they don\u2019t have any job opportunities where they\u2019re coming from.\u00a0 So that\u2019s what they\u2019re looking for, they\u2019re looking for ways to feed their families and we need to find ways to address that at all levels, not just in Agadez but in the communities where they\u2019re coming from. So, it\u2019s something that\u2019s going to work hopefully in the short term but it\u2019s not a long term solution.\u00a0 We need to work better as an international community to find better solutions for the long run.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What have people who returned to Niger have explained about the journey? How do they describe the process? \u00a0What do they experience?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Typically, what we\u2019ve heard is happening is there\u2019s a couple, one or two success stories of someone in their community or in their family that has made it across and has made it to Europe, they provide hope to those left behind.\u00a0 And people decide that they have no other options and they attempt to go on this long journey across West Africa, they pool money, all their life savings and their family contributions and they take everything that own in their pockets to go for this one agenda, making it to Europe to make money to feed their families back home.\u00a0 Many say that their ultimate goal isn\u2019t to stay in Europe, it is to provide for their families and eventually return to their countries and continue to help the development there.<\/p>\n<p>So when they start on this journey, they travel across West Africa pretty freely, there\u2019s a very open flow of movement in West Africa thanks to the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ecowas.int\/\">ECOWAS<\/a> protocol where migrants in West African countries, they can easily enter and cross borders without visas.\u00a0 So Agadez is one of those last points in West Africa where migrants when they arrive they\u2019re still legal, it was an easy route up until that point. It\u2019s once they arrive in Agadez that things become more complicated, it\u2019s when they have to start paying off the smugglers and the truck drivers and the people who tell them \u2018we know the best route\u2019 and they have to find lodging.\u00a0 That\u2019s when most end up losing all the money that they have once they get to Agadez.\u00a0 Some stay, try to stay long enough to make more money, some have just enough left to make the promise of being transported across the desert.<\/p>\n<p>Then what typically happens and what we\u2019ve heard from many of the migrants who have attempted the crossing and failed is they\u2019ll say half way through the desert they\u2019ll get dropped off the truck and say \u2018give us more money or we\u2019ll leave you here\u2019 and they do and they leave them and they have to find and fend for themselves or they get to Libya and they\u2019re in a stateless situation and they have very few networks there.\u00a0 So they\u2019re trying to connect to what they\u2019ve heard through the grapevine but if any point in the transit gets broken if there\u2019s any link that gets miscalculated, they\u2019re left on their own and that\u2019s when the dangers become extraneous.\u00a0 They try to find their way back, they get lost in the desert, many perish. But those who do find their way back always say, I wish I knew and if I knew now what I knew then I would\u2019ve never ever tried.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Do you know how many are making the journey and if so, do you know how many are not making it?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>I don\u2019t think anyone really knows how many are making the journey.\u00a0 There is an attempt to try to track the migration flows.\u00a0 The government of Niger is responsible for counting the number of migrants who arrive in-country but for example an organisation like IOM, the International Organisation for Migration here in Niger, has set up two monitoring flow stations near Agadez in Arlit and S\u00e9gu\u00e9dine where they try to register migrants that are crossing and interview them and get a little bit more information about their motivation and their education and their demographics.<\/p>\n<p>However the number of migrants observed at these transit points vary and have significantly reduced since September 2016.\u00a0 So there was a huge record number of migrants recorded at both these flow stations and with the government last year, but when the EU came in and the bilateral negotiations started both with the EU and with other governments within the EU, namely Germany and Italy, the government of Niger started crackdowns on illegal smuggling. Now the target isn\u2019t to try to stop migrants from going.\u00a0 What they\u2019re trying to do is to stop the abuse and the smugglers. So when these crackdowns happened, migrants figured it out quickly and smugglers adjusted their routes so now they\u2019re attempting to circumvent these traditional points of transit and putting themselves in even greater danger because they\u2019re travelling on off beaten roads that are not monitored, they\u2019re travelling in the dark and they\u2019re going in much more complicated ways which increase their journey times and increase their own dangers.\u00a0 So there is a sense that the migration flows have dropped because we\u2019re not counting and not able to see any of them but no one truly believes that the numbers have truly dropped.\u00a0 There is really a web, a coordinated web of information between the smugglers and all of the points of access and then sometimes they\u2019ll know \u2018hey there\u2019s going to be a crackdown tomorrow\u2019, they\u2019re going to call the bus that\u2019s in Niamey or that\u2019s in Abuja and say \u2018wait a couple of days while this happens and go this way because they\u2019re going to crackdown on this side\u2019, so it\u2019s not really clear to anyone how many have actually tried and definitely not clear how many have perished.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is CRS&#8217;s response to local authorities stopping migrants attempting to make the crossing?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We work at the community level as an organisation that is a humanitarian and development organisation.\u00a0 We work at the community level with communities.\u00a0 Our response so far has been to observe and look at the dangers of what\u2019s happening.\u00a0 What we\u2019re planning to do is to increase awareness around the needs of focusing not only on increasing security which is really where the EU\u2019s strategy has been so far but also to hone in more on these alternatives for migrants and host communities.\u00a0 What we\u2019re trying to do is raise awareness about the needs of the populations that are living of off this trade and assisting migrants along the way so that they can just make better informed decisions.<\/p>\n<p>We don\u2019t get involved at the policy level in any means but we\u2019re trying to get involved with the communities asking what they need, what they want and provide them with that assistance.\u00a0 Many have said that they need assistance in starting small businesses like restoration and that\u2019s not a difficult to do if you\u2019re trained to cook and grill some things, if we provide them starter kits then they can easily start their own business and hopefully earn enough money to be diswayed away from earning money in smuggling. That\u2019s our approach to provide alternatives and information but at the end of the day the decision on where to go, how to move that\u2019s a right that every person has and migrants themselves should be allowed to make those decisions on their own.<\/p>\n<p><em>In our next podcast, we\u2019re looking at unaccompanied minors.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>We\u2019ll investigate their experiences on the journey, what it\u2019s like coming to Europe without parents and what organizations in Europe are doing to help them. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Until then you can follow us on our social media and check out our latest updates on facebook, twitter, instagram, youtube and now <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/audioboom.com\/MOAS\">AudioBoom<\/a><em>, or support our rescue missions by giving whatever you can to help us save lives at sea.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>From all of us here at MOAS: goodbye.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.moas.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/EUPA-Logo-e1500989934823.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-25947\" src=\"https:\/\/www.moas.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/EUPA-Logo-e1500989934823.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"86\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication\u00a0reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Promise left her home country of Nigeria after her parents died and she felt her life was in danger. The desert crossing took three weeks, &#8230; <a title=\"Podcast 6: Crossing the Desert\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.moas.eu\/de\/podcast-6-crossing-the-desert\/\" aria-label=\"Mehr Informationen \u00fcber Podcast 6: Crossing the Desert\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":44437,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[24],"class_list":["post-44592","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-evs","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Podcast 6: Crossing the Desert - MOAS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.moas.eu\/de\/podcast-6-crossing-the-desert\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Podcast 6: Crossing the Desert - MOAS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Promise left her home country of Nigeria after her parents died and she felt her life was in danger. The desert crossing took three weeks, ... 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